Based on the wavelength transparency of the Butler matrix (BM) beamforming network, we demonstrate a multi-beam optical phased array (MOPA) with an emitting aperture composed of grating couplers at a 1.55 μm pitch for wavelength-assisted two-dimensional beam-steering. The device is capable of simultaneous multi-beam operation in a field of view (FOV) of 60° × 8° in the phased-array scanning axis and the wavelength-tuning scanning axis, respectively. The typical beam divergence is about 4° on both axes. Using multiple linearly chirped lasers, multi-beam frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) ranging is realized with an average ranging error of 4 cm. A C-shaped target is imaged for proof-of-concept 2D scanning and ranging.

提出一种相位自校准的光纤微波频率相位传递方案。该方案使用声表面波滤波器的冲激响应的窄带信号作为时间信号，使其与频率信号可同时使用同一波长进行传输。为实现稳定的可重复相位差，利用时间信号的往返传输时延来确定频率信号的整数个周期，并在多次重启的情况下验证了系统相位的稳定性。在60 km实验室平台上对所提方案进行验证，频率传递的稳定度优于4×10-14@1s，5×10-17@10000s。系统多次重启的情况下，所获得的平均相位差最大不一致的峰峰值为0.008 rad，对应于整个周期的0.15%，可保证较高的相位一致性。

仿真研究了基于薄膜铌酸锂调制器的电光频梳和飞秒脉冲产生，并利用该飞秒脉冲在一段薄膜铌酸锂波导中实现覆盖倍频程的超连续谱产生和倍频信号产生。通过级联铌酸锂调制器进行电光调制，产生了一个180 fs的超短脉冲。使用该脉冲作为输入源输入一段薄膜铌酸锂波导，当输入能量达到126.4 pJ时，波导内产生的超连续谱达到倍频程并与倍频信号重叠。此外，还对脉冲参数优化进行了分析。本研究为实现基于薄膜铌酸锂的片上自参考光频梳系统奠定了基础。

Microring-based optical switches are promising for wavelength-selective switching with the merits of compact size and low power consumption. However, the large insertion loss, the high fabrication, and the temperature sensitivity hinder the scalability of silicon microring optical switch fabrics. In this paper, we utilize a three-dimensional (3D) microring-based optical switch element (SE) on a multi-layer Si3N4-on-SOI platform to realize high-performance large-scale optical switch fabrics. The 3D microring-based SE consists of a Si/Si3N4 waveguide overpass crossing in the bottom and the top layers, and Si3N4 dual-coupled microring resonators (MRRs) in the middle layer. The switch is calibration-free and has low insertion loss. With the 3D microring-based SEs, we implement an 8×8 crossbar optical switch fabric. As the resonance wavelengths of all SEs are well aligned, only one SE needs to be turned on in each routing path, which greatly reduces the complexity of the switch control. The optical transmission spectra show a box-like shape, with a passband width of ∼69GHz and an average on-state loss of ∼0.37dB. The chip has a record-low on-chip insertion loss of 0.52–2.66 dB. We also implement a non-duplicate polarization-diversity optical switch by using the bidirectional transmission characteristics of the crossbar architecture, which is highly favorable for practical applications. 100 Gb/s dual-polarization quadrature-phase-shift-keying (DP-QPSK) signal is transmitted through the switch without significant degradation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that 3D MRRs have been used to build highly scalable polarization-diversity optical switch fabrics.

On-chip Fourier-transform spectrometers (FTSs) based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) arrays suffer from severe central wavelength and fringe contrast variation due to fabrication errors. Even though a calibration matrix can be employed to correctly retrieve the input spectra, environmental temperature variation greatly degrades the retrieving performance. In this paper, we devise a dual-layer Si3N4 waveguide interferometer to reduce the temperature sensitivity. The beating of the even and odd supermodes in the dual-layer waveguide generates periodic intensity fluctuations in the spectrum. Since these two modes have similar modal profiles, their thermal sensitivity and propagation loss are relatively balanced, leading to a low temperature sensitivity and a high interference extinction ratio. We designed and fabricated a passive FTS based on a 32-channel dual-layer Si3N4 waveguide array. Experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity is reduced to 10 pm/°C, which is almost half that of single-layer Si3N4 MZI-based FTSs. With this chip, we accurately reconstructed various types of optical spectra, including single and two sparse laser lines, and broadband optical spectra. Our method can fit a wide wavelength range, which is a promising technology to improve the practical applications of on-chip FTSs.